Criminological theory past to present 6th edition – Embark on an intellectual odyssey with “Criminological Theory: Past to Present, 6th Edition,” a definitive guide that illuminates the evolution of criminological thought. This meticulously crafted text invites readers to explore the historical context and key principles that have shaped our understanding of crime and its causes.
From the rational actor model of classical criminology to the transformative insights of feminist criminology, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the major theoretical perspectives that have informed criminological research and practice. Prepare to delve into the minds of renowned criminologists and engage in thought-provoking discussions that will challenge your assumptions and deepen your understanding of the complex nature of crime.
Introduction
Criminological theory provides a framework for understanding the causes and consequences of crime. It has evolved over time, reflecting changing social and intellectual contexts.
Understanding the historical context of criminological theories is crucial for appreciating their strengths and limitations.
Classical Criminology: Criminological Theory Past To Present 6th Edition
Classical criminology emerged in the 18th century, emphasizing the rational actor model and the concept of deterrence.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Cesare Beccaria
- Jeremy Bentham
Positivist Criminology
Positivist criminology, emerging in the 19th century, focused on the biological and social factors that influence criminal behavior.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Cesare Lombroso
- Enrico Ferri
- Raffaele Garofalo
Chicago School of Criminology
The Chicago School, established in the early 20th century, emphasized the ecological perspective, studying the relationship between crime and urban environments.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Robert E. Park
- Ernest W. Burgess
- Clifford R. Shaw
Labeling Theory
Labeling theory, emerging in the 1960s, focuses on the social processes that create and reinforce criminal identities.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Howard Becker
- Edwin Lemert
Conflict Theory
Conflict theory, rooted in Marxist thought, emphasizes the role of social inequality and conflict in crime.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Karl Marx
- George Vold
- Richard Quinney
Feminist Criminology
Feminist criminology, emerging in the 1970s, examines the gendered nature of crime and the experiences of women in the criminal justice system.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Carol Smart
- Meda Chesney-Lind
- Pat Carlen
Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory, developed in the 1980s, views crime as a rational decision based on the perceived costs and benefits.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- James Q. Wilson
- George L. Kelling
Routine Activity Theory
Routine activity theory, proposed in the 1970s, focuses on the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians in crime events.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Marcus Felson
- Lawrence Cohen
Social Disorganization Theory
Social disorganization theory, emerging in the 1990s, emphasizes the role of neighborhood disadvantage and social disorganization in crime.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Robert J. Sampson
- William J. Wilson
Broken Windows Theory
Broken windows theory, proposed in the 1980s, suggests that visible signs of disorder and incivilities can lead to increased crime.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- James Q. Wilson
- George L. Kelling
Situational Crime Prevention
Situational crime prevention, developed in the 1970s, focuses on modifying the physical and social environment to reduce opportunities for crime.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Ronald V. Clarke
- Marcus Felson
Restorative Justice
Restorative justice, emerging in the 1970s, emphasizes victim-offender mediation, community involvement, and repairing the harm caused by crime.
Key Contributors, Criminological theory past to present 6th edition
- Howard Zehr
- Nils Christie
Quick FAQs
What is the primary focus of classical criminology?
Classical criminology emphasizes the role of rational decision-making and deterrence in explaining crime.
How did the Chicago School of Criminology contribute to the understanding of crime?
The Chicago School introduced the ecological perspective, highlighting the influence of environmental factors on crime rates.
What is the key principle of labeling theory?
Labeling theory suggests that individuals who are labeled as deviant may internalize those labels and engage in further deviant behavior.
How does feminist criminology differ from traditional criminological theories?
Feminist criminology places a central focus on gender inequality and the experiences of women within the criminal justice system.
What is the goal of situational crime prevention?
Situational crime prevention aims to reduce crime opportunities by altering the physical environment or implementing surveillance measures.
